History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy

	History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications from the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic network
Cable Timeline: 2001- by Bill Glover

Click on the Route links to see cable samples, the Company or Operator links for full descriptions, the ship name links to see descriptions or images. Atlantic cables and their connecting systems are highlighted.
Year	Route	Manufacturer	Company or Operator	Cable Ships	Notes
2001?	CNSFTC: St Fergus, Aberdeen, Scotland to OSP Forties - Everset - Ula	?	CNSFTC (BP)	?	OSP = Offshore Platform (Gas or Oil rig)
2001	HIBERNIA: (Formerly 360 Atlantic) Ireland - Canada; Canada - USA - UK - Ireland	Tyco SSI	Hibernia Atlantic (purchased the system 2003)	Vercors - Iberus - Nordic King - Teneo - Dock Express 20 - Global Mariner - Atlantida	System 12,200 km. Commissioned in 2000 and in service April 2001. Vercors laid segment D3 3293 km
2001	MED NAUTILUS: Catania, Italy - Chania, Crete - Athens, Greece - Istanbul, Turkey - Cyprus - Tel Aviv, Israel: Athens - Haifa: Catania - Tel Aviv	ASN 7000 km.	?	?	System 5648 km with a further 81 km of landline.
2001	AC 2: Bude, England - Bellport, USA	?	Level 3	?	System 6157 km.
2001	AJC: Australia - Guam - Japan (2 landings at each)	Ocean Cable Co.	?	Fresnel - Subaru	System 12000 km. Fresnel laid 3500 km. Subaru laid 924 km.
2001	VSNL Transatlantic: (Formerly TYCO Transatlantic) Avon, USA - Brean, England: Manasquan, USA - Saunton Sands, England	?	VSNL North Total length 6566 km	Global Mariner, Global Link, BC Atlantida, Ocean King, Seaworker, Sarah Grey.	System 12935 km. Landings in UK and USA are linked. Renamed following takeover of Tyco cables by VSNL.
2001		?	VSNL South Total length 6487 km	DE-20, BC Iberus, Ocean King.
2001	TAT 14: Tuckerton - Manasquan, USA - Blaabjerg, Denmark - Norden, Germany - Katwijk, Holland - St Valery en Caux, France - Pentewen - Widemouth Bay, England - Tuckerton, USA	Ocean Cable Co (part)	AT&T - BT - DTAG - KPN - France Telecom	Cable Innovator - Cable Endeavour - Bold Endurance - Wave Sentinel - Subaru - Maersk Recorder - Maersk Forwarder - Sir Eric Sharp - Agile - Teliri - Fresnel - Vercors	System 15428 km. Fresnel laid segments K3 and L 2855 km, of which 324 km was buried. Vercors laid segment G2 3355 km. Subaru laid 5414 km.
2001	FLAG ATLANTIC 1 USA - England - France	ASN 12570 km	Flag Atlantic Ltd	Fresnel	System 14500 km. Includes land based networks. Fresnel laid LAY 1, 550 km of which 20 km was buried. Reliance Infocomm bought the whole FLAG network for $211 million in 2004
2001	Global West Network USA	?	Global Photon	?	System 1350 km.
2001	ARCOS 1: Hollywood, Florida, - Nassau - Cat Island - Crooked Island, Bahamas - Puerto Plata - Punta Cana, Dominican R - San Juan, Puerto Rico	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke	AAC&R - C&W	?	System 8201 km including entry below.
2001	ARCOS 1: Hollywood, Florida - Cancun - Cozumel, Mexico - Ladyville, Belize - Puerto Barrio, Guatemala - Puerto Cortes - Trujillo - Puerto Lempira, Honduras - Puerto Cabezas - Bluefields, Nicaragua - Puerto Limon, Costa - Rica - Maria Chiquita, Panama - Ustupo - Cartagena - Rio Hacha, Colombia - Punta Fijo, Venezuela - Willemstad, Curacao - San Juan, Puerto Rico	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke	Belize Telecom - Antelcom	?
2001	CHINA - USA NETWORK: Bandon, Oregon - San Luis Obispo, California - Tanguisson Point, Guam - Okinawa - Shantou, China - Fangshan, Taiwan - Chongming, China - Pusan, Korea - Chikura, Japan - Bandon, Oregon	ASN - Ocean Cable Co	AT&T - KDD - NTT	Flexservice III - Kuroshio Maru	System 30500 km. Kuroshio Maru laid 744 km
2001	NACS: China - Japan	ASN	Level 3	?	System 3650 km
2001	AJC: Australia - Guam - Japan (2 landings at each)	Ocean Cable Co	?	?	System 12000 km. France Telecom Marine laid part of the cable. Amount and cable ship used unknown at this time.
2001	Cook Strait, New Zealand: Levin, North Island - Nelson, South Island	?	TNZ	?	System 200 km.
2001	AQUALINK: Auckland - Waikato - Taranaki - Manawatu - Wanganui, North Island NZ - Marlborough - Canterbury, South Island NZ	Ericsson	Telstra - Saturn	Searanger (Formerly Highland Fortress)	Highland Fortress was purchased from Gulf Offshore and converted for cable laying on Teesside, UK and renamed Searanger
2001	EAST ASIA CROSSING: Hong Kong - Pa Li, Taiwan - Shindu Ri, Korea - Ajigaura - Shima, Japan - Pa Li, Taiwan - Hong Kong	KDD-SCS main contractor - Ocean Cable Co	?	Bold Endurance - Cable Innovator - Cable Installer - Iris (3) - Vercors	System 19500 km. Iris (3) - Cable Installer carried out route clearance work. Vercors laid segments D, E, F, and BU2 863 km.
2001	APCN 2: Singapore - China - Philippines - Taiwan - Japan - Korea - China - Hong Kong - Malaysia	Ocean Cable Co	?	Cable Retriever - Bold Endurance - Fu Lai - Asean Restorer - Maersk Recorder - Maersk Repeater - Maersk Responder - Maersk Reliance - Subaru - Kuroshio Maru - Cable Installer. Barges, Networker - Elbe - Chin Ann 3	Maersk Recorder laid 1250 km. Subaru laid 3759 km. Kuroshio Maru laid 1250 km
2001	C2C Chikura - Shima, Japan - Pusan, Korea - Nanhui, China - Tanshui - Fangshan, Taiwan - Hong Kong - Changi, Singapore - Philippines - Chikura, Japan: Hong Kong - Philippines	Ocean Cable Co (Segments 4-5). TYCO	C2C	Fresnel - Maersk Recorder	System 17000 km. Fresnel laid 1600 km of which 1300 km was buried. Maersk Recorder laid 1674 km
2002	FLAG Pacific 1: Japan - USA - Canada	ASN	Flag Telecom	?
2002	Ar, Gotland - Utõ, Sweden	?	AB Stokab	?	System 135 km.
2002	VSNL Northern Europe: (Formerly Tyco NE) Hunmanby, England - Eemshaven, Holland	?	VSNL	?	578 km.
2002	VSNL Western Europe: (Formerly Tyco WE) Brean, England - Seixal, Portugal: Saunton Sands, England - Sopelana, Spain	?	VSNL	?	System 2265 km.
2002	SAT 3/WASC: Melkbosstrand, South Africa - Luanda, Angola - Libreville, Gabon - Douala, Cameroon - Lagos, Nigeria - Cotonou, Benin - Accra, Ghana - Abidjan, Ivory Coast - Dakar, Senegal - Alta Vista, Gran Canaria - Chipiona, Spain - Sesimbra, Portugal	ASN	Telkom SA - Telefonica - Angola Telekom - Ghana Telecom - Nitel - Gabon PT - Benin PT - Marconi - Sonatel - Camtel - CIT	?	System 14350 km
2002	ALPAL 2: Algeria - Majorca	Pirelli	Telefonica - France Telecom - APT	Maersk Responder	System 320 km.
2002	SAFE: Cape Town - Durban, South Africa - St Paul, Reunion - Baie Jacotet, Mauritius - Cochin, India - Penang, Malaysia	Tycom SCS main contractor	VSNL - France Telecom - Telkom SA	Vercors	System 13500 km. Vercors laid segments S8B, S9B, S10B, 3166 km
2002	i2i Tuias, Singapore - Chennai, India	?	Network i2i	?	System 3200 km.
2002	VSNL Transpacific: (Formerly Tyco Transpacific) Emi, Japan - Nedonna Beach, Oregon: Toyohashi, Japan - Piti, Guam: Hermosa Beach, California, - Twin Rocks, Oregon: Toyohashi, Japan - Twin Rocks, Oregon	Tyco SSI	VSNL	?	System 8338 + 2741 + 2064 + 8652 km. Renamed following takeover of Tyco cables by VSNL.
2002	Kami Hachiman - Okinoshima, Japan	?	NTT	?
2003	Crozet Islands	CEA	UNO	René Descartes	System of hydrophones with satellite link for use by UNO
2003	APOLLO: Bude, England - Long Island, USA: Lannion, France - Manasquan, USA	ASN	C&W	Ile de Batz - Ile de Brehat - Ile de Sein - Skandi Neptune	System North route 6200 km 160 repeaters, 35 Equalisers. South route 6530 km 175 repeaters, 35 equalisers. Skandi Neptune laid the European shelf section on the North route 847 km. Ile de Brehat 4400 km main lay on North route. Ile de Sein European shelf section on the South route 1912 km. The remainder was laid by Ile de Batz
2003	Bass Strait 2: Inverloch, Victoria, Australia - Stanley, Tasmania	ASN Calais	Telstra	Ile de Batz	System 240 km.
2003	ALASKA UNITED WEST Seward, Alaska - Oregon, USA	?	GCI	?	System 2500 km
2003	Azores - Madeira	ASN Calais	PTC	Ile de Sein	System 1135 km.
2003	Madeira - Porto Santo	ASN Calais	PTC	Ile de Sein	System 85 km unrepeatered.
2003	FARICE: Faroe Islands - Iceland - Scotland	Pirelli	FARICE hf. (Iceland Telecom, Faroese Telecom and the Icelandic State)	Pertinacia	System 1400 km.
2003	Meike - Sawada, Japan	?	NTT	Subaru
?	SILK ROUTE Phase 1: Athens, Greece - Padova, Italy: Athens - Crete	Pirelli	?	?	System 1900 km
?	INDOSAT: East Java - Jakarta - Bandung - Sumatra	Pirelli	?	?	System 1376 km including landlines.
?	Sumatra - Batum	Pirelli			System 345 km.
2004	Breivika, Norway - Hotellneset, Svalbard. 2 cables:- Segment 1 and 2	Tyco	Owner: Norwegian Space Centre Operator: Telenor	Cable Innovator - Maersk Recorder	System:- Each cable consists of 8 fibre pairs. Only one pair is required at present and only Segment 1 cable is used Segment 2 acting as back up. Segment 1:- 1375 km with 172 km buried, 20 repeaters. Cable Innovator commenced laying from Breivika on 26 July 2003 and Maersk Recorder from Hotellneset on 21 July 2003. The final splice took place midway between the terminals on 1 August 2003. Segment 2:- 1339 km with 173 km buried, 20 repeaters. Cable Innovator commenced laying from Breivika on 4 August 2003 and Maersk Recorder from Hotellneset on 1 August 2003. The final splice took place midway between the terminals on 13 August 2003. The cable (Segment 1) came into service in January 2004
2004	Breivika - Harstad, Norway. 2 cables Segment 1A and 2A both repeaterless	Tyco	Owner: Norwegian Space Centre Operator: Telenor	Cable Innovator - Maersk Recorder	System Segment 1A 61 km. Segment 2A 74 km. Both cables are a combination of land and submarine cable. The cable (Segment 1A) was brought into service in January 2004
2004	UAE - Iran	Pirelli			System 350 km, plus 50 km of landline
2004	TIC: Singapore - Mumbai, India	Tyco	VSNL	Tyco Durable	System 3200 km. Originally a link between Mumbai and Chennai was planned but was not carried out
2004	Doha - Halul, Qatar - Das Island, UAE		Q-tel - E-marine	Etilsat	System 200 km.
2004	TELAPA: La Gaviota, Las Palmas - El Socorro, Tenerife	?	Telefonica	?	System 130 km.
2004	EASTLINK: Graham Pond, Prince Edward Island - Port Hood, Cape Breton Island, Canada			Ile de Batz	System 54 km, the whole cable being buried. Installation was carried out by IT International Telecom
2004	COGIM: Cable Optique; La Gaspésie - Iles de la Madeleine, Canada	Nexans, Norway		Ile de Batz	System 2 cables, 220 km and 216 km. Both cables were buried. IT International Telecom carried out the installation
2004	Okinawa Hontou - Myakojima - Ishigakijima, Japan	?	NTT	?
2005	8 Mile Rock, Grand Bahama - Alice Town, Bimini	Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke	?	Cable Innovator
2005	Basslink: McGaurans Beach, Victoria - Four Mile Bluff, Tasmania	?	National Grid Australia		System 298 km 400 kV power cable
2005	SEA ME WE 4; France - Singapore	ASN - Fujitsu	Singtel, Singapore - Telekom Malaysia Berhad - CAT Telecom, Thailand - Barti Infotel Ltd., India - VSNL, India - Bangladesh T&T - Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd - Pakistan Telecommunication Co. Ltd. - ETISALAT, UAE - Saudi Telecom Co. - Telecom Egypt - Tunisie Telecom - Algerie Telecom - Telecom Italia Sparkle S.p.A - France Telecom - MCI, UK	Niwa - Descartes laid 300 km.	System 20000 km. Melaka, Salun, Cox's Bazar, Colombo, Karachi, Fujairah, Bizerte and Annaba were linked to the main cable by branching units. Maximum capacity of the cable 1.28 Terabits. Inaugrated 13 December 2005
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT 1; Singapore - Melaka, Malaysia - Salun, Thailand - Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh - Chennai, India - Colombo, Sri Lanka - Mumbai, India	Fujitsu 8,000 km and all repeaters	See above	Niwa (formerly Global Link)	CS Niwa laid the shore ends and carried out burial work at Mumbai
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT 2; Mumbai, India - Karachi, Pakistan - Fujairah, UAE - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia - Suez, Egypt	ASN 5500 km and all repeaters	See above		System 5500 km.
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT 3: Landines; Suez - Alexandria, Egypt	ASN	See above
2005	SEA ME WE 4: SEGMENT 4; Alexandria, Egypt - Palermo, Italy - Bizerte, Tunisia - Annaba, Algeria - Marseille, France	ASN 6500 km cable - Fujitsu all repeaters	See above		System 6500 km
2005	FALCON: Gulf States	Alcatel	FLAG TELECOM	?	?
2006	VENUS: Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea; Laid in the Saanich Inlet	?	University of Victoria, Canada	Wave Venture	System 4 km. Scheme to put the ocean floor on line at www.venus.uvic.ca
2006	Fibralink: Jamaica - Dominican Republic			IT Intrepid	System 800 km
2006	Ocho Rios - Montego Bay, Jamaica			IT Intrepid	System 130 km unrepeatered
2006	APNG 2: Sydney, Australia - Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea	ASN	TelikomPNG - Telstra - Telecom NZ	Ile de Re	System 1800 km. This was part of the PACRIM WEST cable (1995) which was withdrawn from service in 2005. Ile de Re first recovered 300 km of cable, which was tested and found to be in serviceable condition, and so the main recovery was undertaken. This started just to the south of Guam to a point off Rockampton, Queensland where the cable was cut. The Sydney end of the cable was then spliced to the recovered cable and Ile de Re then headed for Ela Beach, Port Moresby.
2006	Anchorage - Seward - Kenai Peninsula - Kodiak Island, Alaska	ASN	Kenai Kodiak Cable Company	Maersk Defender	Repeaterless cable. Laying commenced July 2006 and was completed by December
2006	Tuticorin, India - Mt Lavinia, Sri Lanka	NEC (Prime Contractor)	Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd, India - Sri Lanka Telecom	?	System 323 km. Initial capacity 40Gbps. Maximum capacity 960Gbps.
2006	Estlink: Helsinki, Finland - Talin, Estonia	?	ABB - Eesti Energia - Latvenergo - Lietuvos Energia - Pohjolan Voima - Helsinki Energia	Sovereign	System: 2 high voltage cables each 77 km laid in parallel
2007	MARS: Monterey Accelerated Research System	?	?	Global Sentinel	Consists of 52 km of power and fibre optic cable laid in Monterey Bay terminating in a 5 ton node containing earthquake sensors and low light cameras etc.
2007	MARS: Monterey Accelerated Research System			Global Sentinel	Consists of 52 km of power and fibre optic cable laid in Monterey Bay terminating in a 5 ton node containing earthquakes sensors and low light cameras etc.
2007	Sri Lanka - Male, Maldives	NEC (Prime Contractor)	Dhiraagu (Dhivehi Raajjeyge Gulhun Private Ltd.) - Sri Lanka Telecom	?	System 1100 km., including connections to four other islands
2007	GLO 1; Widemouth Bay, Cornwall, UK - Vigo Spain		Globacom	Ile de Batz	Ile de Batz carried out route clearance work on 9 May and commenced laying 10 May completing it on 26 May.
2007	Sovetskaya Gavan, Russia - Ilinskij, Sakhalin Island	?	TransTeleCom	Fu Hai (Formerly Maersk Recorder)	Global Marine Systems and Sino British Submarine Systems carried out the installation
2007	HSCS: Hokkaido-Sakahalin Cable System: Hokkaido, Japan - Nevelsk, Sakahalin Island, Russia	?	NTT Com - TransTeleCom	Subaru	System 560 km. Work carried out from July 8 to November 26 2007.
2007	La Gomera - El Hierro, Canary Islands	Tyco Telecommunications	Telefonica de Espaa	Teneo	System 145 km.
2007	Trinidad & Tobago - Curacao	Tyco Telecommunications	Columbus Networks	?	System 1000 km.
2008	Colombia - Jamaica - Florida	Tyco Telecommunications	Columbus Networks	?
2008	Angola Coastal Network	Ericsson	?	?	System 1500 km. Italian company 'Elettra' to lay and bury cable
2008	MATRIX CABLE SYSTEM:- Jakarta - Batam - Pontianak, Indonesia - Singapore	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 1350 km. Route survey completed August 2007. Extension to Perth, Australia to be installed at a later date.
2008	TGN INTRA ASIA: Singapore - Hong Kong - Japan	Tyco Telecommunications	VSNL		Work was to start December 2006 with the cable coming into service late 2007/early 2008
2008	GONDWANA 1: Nouma, New Caledonia - Sydney, Australia	Alcatel	OPT, New Caledonia	Ile de R	Work is scheduled to be completed by Spring 2008
2008	Poindimi - Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia	Alcatel	OPT, New Caledonia	Ile de R	Repeaterless cable. Work is scheduled to be completed by Spring 2008
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Northern route Japan - USA	?	ASIA NETCOM	?	System 23500 km including two entries below. Scheduled to be completed by July 2008
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Southern route: Philippines - Guam - Hawaii - USA	?	ASIA NETCOM	?
2008	EAC-PACIFIC: Philippines - Japan	?	ASIA NETCOM	?
2008	TPE (Trans Pacific Express) Nedonna Beach, USA - Chongming & Qingdao, China -Tanshui, Taiwan - Keoje, South Korea	Tyco Telecommunications - Alcatel - NEC Submarine Systems	Verizon Business - China Telecom - China Netcom - China Unicom - Korean Telecom - Chungwa Telecom	Tyco Durable - Ile de Sein - Ile de Batz - Fu Hai - Segero - Cable Innovator	System 18000 km. Work is scheduled to commence Spring 2007 and be completed by Autumn 2008
2008	Australia - Hawaii	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	Telstra	?	System 9000 km. Due for completion end 2008
2008	AAG: ASIA AMERICA GATEWAY: Malaysia - Singapore - Thailand - Brunei - Vietnam - Hong Kong - Philippines - Guam - Hawaii - USA	Alcatel - NEC	Telekom Malaysia - StarHub, Singapore - CAT, Thailand - Brunei Govt. - Telstra, Australia - PLDT, Philippines - PT Telekom, Indonesia - VNPT, Vietnam - Bharti, India - AT&T, USA	?	In the planning stage
2008	EASSy: EAST AFRICA SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEM: Port Sudan, Sudan - Mitsiwa, Eritrea - Djibouti - Mogadishu, Somalia - Mombasa, Kenya - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Zanzibar - Toliary, Madagascar - Maputo, Mozambique - Mtunzini, South Africa	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems		?	System 10000 km. Construction contract signed March 2007.
2008	SHEFA 2: Scotland - Orkney Islands - Shetland Islands - Faroe Islands	NSW	Xtera	IT Intrepid	System 700 km
2008	Denmark - Iceland	?	Farice Inc.	?
2008	GO 1: St Pauls Bay, Malta - Mazara del Vallo, Sicily	Alcatel-Lucent - Elettra	GO	?	Alcatel-Lucent will manufacture the cable. Elettra will carry out route survey and laying
2009	PROJECT RUNWAY: Australia - Guam	?	PIPE NETWORKS - VSNL		Due for completion 2009
2009	NEPTUNE: North-East Pacific Time-Series Networked Experiments: Port Alberni - Bamfield - Folger Passage (Node) - ODP 889 (Node) - Middle Valley (Node) - Endeavour (Node) - ODP 1027 (Node) - Barkley Canyon (Node) - Bamfield - Port Alberni	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	University of Victoria, Canada	M/V Frosti carried out the route survey - Ile de Sein laid the cable - Global Sentinel carried out the Post Lay Inspection Burial (PLIB)	System 800 km of power and fibre optic cable in the main loop and two similar spurs to Middle Valley and Endeavour totalling 125 km. Cable laying commenced 23 Aug 2007 and was scheduled to be completed in seven weeks. Nodes to be laid in 2008 and the whole system to be online in 2009
2009	South Africa - Mozambique - Madagascar - Tanzania - Kenya - UAE - India: Kenya - Egypt - Italy		Neotel - SEACOM
2009	TGN INTRA EURASIA: Mumbai, India - Egypt - Paris, France - London, England	?	VSNL	?
2010	PACIFIC UNITY	NEC (Prime Contractor) - Tyco Telecommunications	Google - Bharti Airtel Ltd - Global Transit - KDDI - Pacnet - Sing Tel	?	System 10000 km. Contract signed Feb 2008. Due for completion first quarter 2010
2010	FLAG NGN: System 1: India - Hong Kong	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM		System 50,000 km including entries below
2010	FLAG NGN: System 2: India - Kenya		FLAG TELECOM
2010	FLAG NGN: System 3: Egypt - France	Fujitsu	FLAG TELECOM
2010	FLAG NGN: System 4: Japan - USA		FLAG TELECOM
2010	HONTUA: Tahiti, French Polynesia - Hawaii	?	?	?	System 4650 km plus 305 km for inter island cables.

?	Fujaira, UAE - Mombasa, Kenya	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems	?	?	Contract just signed
?	India - Gulf States - Africa - Europe	?	VSNL	?	Dates as yet unknown
?	MINERVA	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Systems			System 500 km. Contract signed February 2007
?	Newfoundland - Nova Scotia	Nexans	?	IT Intrepid	System 800 km. Intternational Telecom to instal the cable.
?	CFX 1	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 2400 km. Contract signed May 2007
?	MIC 1	?	?	?	System 70 km. Contract signed July 2007. Global Marine Systems to instal the cable
?	SEACOM	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 13000 km. Contract signed July 2007
?	COMETA	Nexans	?	?	System 480 km. Contract signed September 2007
?	CAUCASUS ONLINE	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 1100 km. Contract signed September 2007
?	SALP: Seaton Anderson Lake Project			IT Intrepid	System 44 km.Contract signed October 2007. International Telecom to instal the cable.
?	PFOC: Paniola Fibre Optic Cable	?	?	IT Intrepid	System 450 km. Contract signed October 2007. International Telecom to instal the cable
?	ACS: Alaska - Oregon, USA	Tyco Telecommunications	?	?	System 3200 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	Alaska United	NEC	?	?	System 1220 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	SEAK: South East Alaska Fibre Optic System: Will connect Angoon , Hawk Inlet, Juneau, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Sitka and Wrangell to the existing Alaska United West System	?	GCI Communications Corporation	?
?	MENA: Mediterranean	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	?	?	System 3850 km. Contract signed October 2007
?	TEAMS	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	?	?	System 4700 km. Contract signed November 2007
?	GREENLAND CONNECT	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	?	?	System 4600 km. Contract signed December 2007
?	TE NORTH: Sidi Kerir, Egypt - Marseille, France	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks	Telecom Egypt - France Telecom	?	System 3100 km.
?	Malabo, Bioko Island - Bata, Equatorial Guinea	Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks		?	System 280 km. Capacity 80 G/bits/s
?	Australia - New Zealand	?	Pipe International (Australia) Pty Ltd - Kordia Group Ltd	?	?

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Last revised: 18 April, 2008

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Research Material Needed

The Atlantic Cable website is non-commercial, and its mission is to make available on line as much information as possible.

You can help - if you have cable material, old or new, please contact me. Cable samples, instruments, documents, brochures, souvenir books, photographs, family stories, all are valuable to researchers and historians.

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